How to add Breadcrumb in Drupal 7

To add breadcrumb in Drupal 7 follow below steps.

1.) Add below code to your theme’s template.php.

function YOURTHEMEM_breadcrumb($variables) {
$breadcrumb = $variables['breadcrumb'];

if (!empty($breadcrumb)) {
$crumbs = '

' . implode(' » ', $breadcrumb) .' » '. drupal_get_title() . '

';
}
return $crumbs;
}

2.) Put below code to your page.tpl.php files or where you needed.
if ($breadcrumb) { print $breadcrumb; }

A Closer Look Into PHP Arrays: What You Don’t See

PHP is one unique language where the array data type has been highly generalized to suit a very broad set of use cases. For example, in PHP you can use an array to create both ordered lists as well as dicts (key/value pairs or maps) with a single data type. A PHP array isn’t an array in the traditional sense, but in fact it’s actually implemented as an ordered hashmap. There are good reasons for this. One of those reasons is that arrays traditionally do not allow you to mix types. They also don’t normally provide a simple means of random access such as mapping a key to it’s value. At least not in the sense that we’re used to doing in PHP. So I’m going to share with you some of the underlying details of how the PHP array data type works, why it works the way that it does, how it’s different from other languages, and what behaviors the PHP array has that you may not be fully aware of.

Ref : https://sheriframadan.com/2012/10/a-closer-look-into-php-arrays/

web usability

Usability has it’s own importance in a website.Some dos and don’t s to achieve a good usability are as follows.

• Do:
  • Use ALT tags for all graphics, especially navigation graphics.
  • Use black text on white background whenever possible for optimal legibility.
  • Use either plain-color backgrounds or extremely subtle background patterns.
  • Make sure text is in a printable color (not white).
  • Place navigation in a consistent location on each page of your website.
  • Use a familiar location for navigation bars.
  • Keep the design from scrolling horizontally.
  • Use one axis of symmetry for centered text on a page.
  • Encourage scrolling by splitting an image at the fold.
• Don’t:
  • Allow ALT tags to get clipped (especially an issue for small, fixed width images).
  • Display static text in blue or underlined.
  • Use boldface or ALL CAPS for long pieces of text. These slow down reading.
  • Leave too much white space–reduces scannability.
  • Make the user scroll to find critical information, especially transaction buttons and navigation links.
  • Use horizontal rules to separate chunks of content.
  • Alternate too frequently between centered text and left-aligned text. Most text should be left-aligned.
  • Fix pages at larger than 800 x 600 pixels. Larger pages may force users to scroll horizontally.